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annotate docs/manual/x775.html @ 153:83b7b4ce3bbd

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Added prebuilt manual to repository to avoid failures to include it during releases
author lost@l-w.ca
date Sat, 27 Aug 2011 00:23:19 -0600
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153
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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2 <HTML
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3 ><HEAD
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4 ><TITLE
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5 >Linking Scripts</TITLE
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6 ><META
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7 NAME="GENERATOR"
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8 CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
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9 REL="HOME"
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10 TITLE="LW Tool Chain"
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11 HREF="index.html"><LINK
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12 REL="UP"
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13 TITLE="LWLINK"
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14 HREF="c661.html"><LINK
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15 REL="PREVIOUS"
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16 TITLE="Linker Operation"
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17 HREF="x761.html"><LINK
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18 REL="NEXT"
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19 TITLE="Format Specific Linking Notes"
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20 HREF="x809.html"></HEAD
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21 ><BODY
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22 CLASS="SECTION"
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23 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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24 TEXT="#000000"
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25 LINK="#0000FF"
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26 VLINK="#840084"
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27 ALINK="#0000FF"
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28 ><DIV
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29 CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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30 ><TABLE
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31 SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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32 WIDTH="100%"
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33 BORDER="0"
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34 CELLPADDING="0"
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35 CELLSPACING="0"
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36 ><TR
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37 ><TH
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38 COLSPAN="3"
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39 ALIGN="center"
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40 >LW Tool Chain</TH
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41 ></TR
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42 ><TR
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43 ><TD
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44 WIDTH="10%"
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45 ALIGN="left"
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46 VALIGN="bottom"
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47 ><A
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48 HREF="x761.html"
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49 ACCESSKEY="P"
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50 >Prev</A
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51 ></TD
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52 ><TD
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53 WIDTH="80%"
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54 ALIGN="center"
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55 VALIGN="bottom"
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56 >Chapter 4. LWLINK</TD
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57 ><TD
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58 WIDTH="10%"
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59 ALIGN="right"
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60 VALIGN="bottom"
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61 ><A
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62 HREF="x809.html"
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63 ACCESSKEY="N"
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64 >Next</A
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65 ></TD
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66 ></TR
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67 ></TABLE
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68 ><HR
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69 ALIGN="LEFT"
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70 WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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71 ><DIV
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72 CLASS="SECTION"
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73 ><H1
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74 CLASS="SECTION"
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75 ><A
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76 NAME="AEN775"
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77 >4.3. Linking Scripts</A
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78 ></H1
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79 ><P
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80 >A linker script is used to instruct the linker about how to assemble the
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81 various sections into a completed binary. It consists of a series of
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82 directives which are considered in the order they are encountered.</P
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83 ><P
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84 >The sections will appear in the resulting binary in the order they are
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85 specified in the script file. If a referenced section is not found, the linker will behave as though the
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86 section did exist but had a zero size, no relocations, and no exports.
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87 A section should only be referenced once. Any subsequent references will have
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88 an undefined effect.</P
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89 ><P
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90 >All numbers are in linking scripts are specified in hexadecimal. All directives
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91 are case sensitive although the hexadecimal numbers are not.</P
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92 ><P
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93 >A section name can be specified as a "*", then any section not
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94 already matched by the script will be matched. The "*" can be followed
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95 by a comma and a flag to narrow the section down slightly, also.
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96 If the flag is "!bss", then any section that is not flagged as a bss section
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97 will be matched. If the flag is "bss", then any section that is flagged as
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98 bss will be matched.</P
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99 ><P
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100 >The following directives are understood in a linker script.</P
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101 ><P
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102 ></P
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103 ><DIV
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104 CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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105 ><DL
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106 ><DT
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107 >section <CODE
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108 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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109 >name</CODE
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110 > load <CODE
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111 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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112 >addr</CODE
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113 ></DT
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114 ><DD
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115 ><P
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116 >&#13;This causes the section <CODE
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117 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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118 >name</CODE
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119 > to load at
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120 <CODE
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121 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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122 >addr</CODE
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123 >. For the raw target, only one "load at" entry is
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124 allowed for non-bss sections and it must be the first one. For raw targets,
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125 it affects the addresses the linker assigns to symbols but has no other
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126 affect on the output. bss sections may all have separate load addresses but
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127 since they will not appear in the binary anyway, this is okay.</P
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128 ><P
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129 >For the decb target, each "load" entry will cause a new "block" to be
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130 output to the binary which will contain the load address. It is legal for
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131 sections to overlap in this manner - the linker assumes the loader will sort
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132 everything out.</P
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133 ></DD
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134 ><DT
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135 >section <CODE
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136 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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137 >name</CODE
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138 ></DT
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139 ><DD
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140 ><P
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141 >&#13;This will cause the section <CODE
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142 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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143 >name</CODE
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144 > to load after the previously listed
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145 section.</P
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146 ></DD
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147 ><DT
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148 >entry <CODE
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149 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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150 >addr or sym</CODE
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151 ></DT
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152 ><DD
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153 ><P
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154 >This will cause the execution address (entry point) to be the address
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155 specified (in hex) or the specified symbol name. The symbol name must
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156 match a symbol that is exported by one of the object files being linked.
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157 This has no effect for targets that do not encode the entry point into the
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158 resulting file. If not specified, the entry point is assumed to be address 0
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159 which is probably not what you want. The default link scripts for targets
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160 that support this directive automatically starts at the beginning of the
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161 first section (usually "init" or "code") that is emitted in the binary.</P
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162 ></DD
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163 ><DT
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164 >pad <CODE
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165 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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166 >size</CODE
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167 ></DT
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168 ><DD
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169 ><P
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170 >This will cause the output file to be padded with NUL bytes to be exactly
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171 <CODE
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172 CLASS="PARAMETER"
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173 >size</CODE
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174 > bytes in length. This only makes sense for a raw target.</P
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175 ></DD
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176 ></DL
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177 ></DIV
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178 ></DIV
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179 ><DIV
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180 CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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181 ><HR
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182 ALIGN="LEFT"
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183 WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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184 SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
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185 WIDTH="100%"
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186 BORDER="0"
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187 CELLPADDING="0"
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188 CELLSPACING="0"
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189 ><TR
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190 ><TD
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191 WIDTH="33%"
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192 ALIGN="left"
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193 VALIGN="top"
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194 ><A
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195 HREF="x761.html"
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196 ACCESSKEY="P"
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197 >Prev</A
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198 ></TD
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199 ><TD
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200 WIDTH="34%"
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201 ALIGN="center"
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202 VALIGN="top"
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203 ><A
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204 HREF="index.html"
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205 ACCESSKEY="H"
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206 >Home</A
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207 ></TD
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208 ><TD
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209 WIDTH="33%"
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210 ALIGN="right"
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211 VALIGN="top"
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212 ><A
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213 HREF="x809.html"
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214 ACCESSKEY="N"
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215 >Next</A
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216 ></TD
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217 ></TR
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218 ><TR
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219 ><TD
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220 WIDTH="33%"
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221 ALIGN="left"
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222 VALIGN="top"
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223 >Linker Operation</TD
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224 ><TD
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225 WIDTH="34%"
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226 ALIGN="center"
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227 VALIGN="top"
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228 ><A
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229 HREF="c661.html"
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230 ACCESSKEY="U"
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231 >Up</A
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232 ></TD
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233 ><TD
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234 WIDTH="33%"
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235 ALIGN="right"
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236 VALIGN="top"
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237 >Format Specific Linking Notes</TD
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238 ></TR
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239 ></TABLE
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240 ></DIV
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241 ></BODY
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242 ></HTML
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243 >