Numbers and Expressions

Numbers and Expressions -Numbers can be expressed in binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal. -Binary numbers may be prefixed with a "%" symbol or suffixed with a -"b" or "B". Octal numbers may be prefixed with "@" or suffixed with -"Q", "q", "O", or "o". Hexadecimal numbers may be prefixed with "$" or -suffixed with "H". No prefix or suffix is required for decimal numbers but -they can be prefixed with "&" if desired. Any constant which begins with -a letter must be expressed with the correct prefix base identifier or be -prefixed with a 0. Thus hexadecimal FF would have to be written either 0FFH -or $FF. Numbers are not case sensitive. + +Numbers can be expressed in binary, octal, decimal, or hexadecimal. Binary +numbers may be prefixed with a "%" symbol or suffixed with a "b" or "B". +Octal numbers may be prefixed with "@" or suffixed with "Q", "q", "O", or +"o". Hexadecimal numbers may be prefixed with "$", "0x" or "0X", or suffixed +with "H". No prefix or suffix is required for decimal numbers but they can +be prefixed with "&" if desired. Any constant which begins with a letter +must be expressed with the correct prefix base identifier or be prefixed +with a 0. Thus hexadecimal FF would have to be written either 0FFH or $FF. +Numbers are not case sensitive. + A symbol may appear at any point where a number is acceptable. The @@ -1238,9 +1246,12 @@ Linker Operation -LWLINK takes one or more files in the LWTOOLS object file format and links -them into a single binary. While the precise method is slightly different, -linking can be conceptualized as the following steps. + +LWLINK takes one or more files in supported input formats and links them +into a single binary. Currently supported formats are the LWTOOLS object +file format and the archive format used by LWAR. While the precise method is +slightly different, linking can be conceptualized as the following steps. + @@ -1381,6 +1392,127 @@ + +Libraries and LWAR + + +LWTOOLS also includes a tool for managing libraries. These are analogous to +the static libraries created with the "ar" tool on POSIX systems. Each library +file contains one or more object files. The linker will treat the object +files within a library as though they had been specified individually on +the command line except when resolving external references. External references +are looked up first within the object files within the library and then, if +not found, the usual lookup based on the order the files are specified on +the command line occurs. + + + +The tool for creating these libary files is called LWAR. + + +

+Command Line Options + +The binary for LWAR is called "lwar". Note that the binary is in lower +case. The options lwar understands are listed below. For archive manipulation +options, the first non-option argument is the name of the archive. All other +non-option arguments are the names of files to operate on. + + + + + + + + +This option specifies that an archive is going to have files added to it. +If the archive does not already exist, it is created. New files are added +to the end of the archive. + + + + + + + + + +This option specifies that an archive is going to be created and have files +added to it. If the archive already exists, it is truncated. + + + + + + + + + +If specified, any files specified to be added to an archive will be checked +to see if they are archives themselves. If so, their constituent members are +added to the archive. This is useful for avoiding archives containing archives. + + + + + + + + + +This will display a list of the files contained in the archive. + + + + + + + + + +This option increases the debugging level. It is only useful for LWTOOLS +developers. + + + + + + + + + +This provides a listing of command line options and a brief description +of each. + + + + + + + + +This will display a usage summary. +of each. + + + + + + + + + + +This will display the version of LWLINK. +of each. + + + + +

+ + + Object Files